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金伯泉
机体免疫系统是由中枢淋巴器官、外周淋巴器官、免疫细胞和免疫分子所组成。免疫应答过程有赖于免疫系统中细胞间的相互作用，包括细胞间直接接触和通过释放细胞因子或其它介质的相互作用。免疫细胞间或细胞与介质间相互识别的物质基础是免疫细胞膜分子，包括细胞表面的多种抗原、受体和其它分子。细胞膜分子通常也称为细胞表面标记(cell surface marker)。免疫细胞膜分子的研究对于深入了解免疫应答的本质以及临床某些疾病的诊断、预防和治疗都具有十分重要的意义。
免疫细胞膜分子的种类相当繁多,主要有T细胞受体，B细胞识别抗原的膜免疫球蛋白,主要组织相容性复合体抗原，白细胞分化抗原，粘附分子，结合促分裂素的分子，细胞因子受体，免疫球蛋白Fc段受体以及其它受体和分子。
白细胞分化抗原是白细胞（还包括血小板、血管内皮细胞等）在分化成熟为不同谱系(lineage)和分化不同阶段以及活化过程中，出现或消失的细胞表面标记。它们大都是穿膜的蛋白或糖蛋白,含胞膜外区、穿膜区和胞浆区;有些白细胞分化抗原是以糖基磷脂酰肌醇（glycosylphosphatidylinositol, GPI)连接方式“锚”在细胞膜上。少数白细胞分化抗原是碳水化合物半抗原。白细胞分化抗原参与机体重要的生理和病理过程，例如：(1)免疫应答过程中免疫细胞的相互识别，免疫细胞抗原识别、活化、增殖和分化，免疫效应功能的发挥；(2)造血细胞的分化和造血过程的调控；(3)炎症发生；(4)细胞的迁移如肿瘤细胞的转移等。
第一节 白细胞分化抗原的分类
一、人白细胞分化抗原的分类
二、小鼠白细胞分化抗原
第二节 白细胞分化抗原的应用
一、与T细胞识别、粘附、活化有关的CD分子
(一) T细胞受体
(二) CD3
(三) CD4
(四) CD8
(五) CD2
(六) CD58 (LFA-3)
(七) CD28
二、与B细胞识别、粘附、活化有关的CD分子
(一) BCR复合物
(二) CD19
(三) CD21
(四) CD80(B7/BB1)
三、免疫球蛋白Fc段受体
(一) FcγR(CD64、CD32、CD16)
(二) FcαR (CD89)
(三) FcεR (FcεRⅠ、FcεRⅡ)
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